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Bertrand Martin Tipple (1 December 1868 – 19 October 1952) was a Methodist writer, lecturer, and the founder and president of Methodist International College in Rome, Italy. ==Biography== Bertrand M. Tipple was born at Camden, Oneida County, New York on December 1, 1868, the son of Martin Tipple (7 March 1819 – 16 May 1901) and Sara Elizabeth Squier (June 1841 – 3 June 1916). His brother was Ezra Squier Tipple (1861–1936). He was educated at Cazenovia Seminary, graduating in 1890, then on to Syracuse University where he would receive his A.B. in 1894, and ten years later a D.D. (1904). While at Syracuse, he was a member of the Delta Upsilon fraternity, serving as recording secretary and president. He lived in the D.U. house and had as a fellow brother, also living in the house, Stephen Crane. During his college years he served as an editor for the monthly University Herald, played baseball, studied classical history, and was a member of the Phi Beta Kappa Society. He also served as a correspondent for the New York Tribune and the Mail and Express, and for the Post-Standard of Syracuse.〔(''Who Was Who in America'', v. 5, 1969-1973, p. 724. ) Chicago: A. N. Marquis.〕〔Price, C. F., ed. (1916). (''Who's Who in American Methodism'', p. 222. ) New York: E. B. Treat & Co.〕〔Dodge, M. G., ed. (1902). (''The Delta Upsilon decennial catalogue'', p. 694. ) Ann Arbor: The Fraternity.〕〔Copeland, A. (1907). (''Men and Days in Phi Beta Kappa'', p. 127. ) Newark: The Du Bois Press.〕〔Sorrentino, P., ed. (2006). (''Stephen Crane Remembered'', pp. 21-22. ) Tuscaloosa: University of Alabama Press.〕 Following college, Tipple pursued a career as a clergyman. He studied at Drew Theological Seminary, graduating in 1897 with his B.D. degree and was ordained in the Methodist Episcopal Church. While at Drew, he served as assistant pastor of Grace M.E. Church, New York City. He married Jane Baldwin Downs on 2 June 1897. She was also a graduate of Syracuse (1895) and a member of Alpha Phi.〔Smalley, F., ed. (1904). (''Alumni Record and General Catalogue of Syracuse University 1899-1904'', vol. 2, p. 140. ) Syracuse: Alumni Association.〕 He served as pastor of Epworth M.E. Church, New Haven, Connecticut, from 1897 till 1900. From 1900 until 1906 he was pastor of Embury Memorial M.E. Church, Brooklyn, New York; and then back to Connecticut as pastor of First M.E. Church, in Stamford until 1909.〔〔〔(''New York Charities Directory'', p. 535. ) New York: Charity Organization Society, 1903.〕〔"Tipple is from Brooklyn: Head of Methodist Church in Rome formerly preached there." (''New York Times'', 6 April 1910. )〕 In 1909 Tipple accepted a call to be pastor of the American Methodist Episcopal Church in Rome, Italy. The new position was to afford him the opportunity to pursue missionary work, for at the time there were only about ten members.〔〔(''The Alpha Phi Quarterly'' 21 (1908): 261. )〕 He was very busy during his stay in Rome and accepted many new responsibilities. From 1910 until 1923 he was president of Reeder Theological Seminary, which prepared boys for the Methodist ministry in Italy. Perhaps most prominently, he was the founder and president of Methodist International College (Collegio Internazionale di Monte Mario) from 1911 until 1923. The Methodists were in continual conflict with the Vatican during Tipple's fourteen years in Rome. The most famous incident occurred in early April 1910, when ex-President Theodore Roosevelt, during his six-week tour through Europe, failed to meet with the Pope. The Pontiff did not want the ex-president to also call on the Methodist mission while in Rome. Roosevelt, who had had no intention of such a visit, was incensed by the restriction that Pius X seemed to be making on him and declined to call on him. The episode, which was mostly the result of misunderstandings, caused quite a stir.〔Abbott, L. (1910). "The Facts of the Vatican Incident." (''The Outlook'' 94:776-78 ). See also, pp. 815 *, 816 *, 858-60, and Roosevelt's statement, pp. 775-76.〕〔"A Review of the World." (''Current Literature'' 48 (May 1910): 464-72. )〕〔"Diplomat's View of the Roman Situation." (''New York Times'', 10 April 1910. )〕 In 1914, Tipple secured six acres at the southern end of Monte Mario, one of the most beautiful locations near the city. He planned on a large-scale building program to expand the college; however, his plans were met with strong opposition from the Holy See.〔"Methodists Buy Rome Site." (''New York Times'', 26 January 1914. )〕〔"The Methodists on the Hills of Rome." (''The Literary Digest'', vol. 70, no. 7 (13 August 1921): 28-29. )〕 On 20 May 1922, the first of seven planned buildings was finally dedicated.〔"Methodists' Aim in Rome." (''New York Times'', 21 May 1922. )〕 Tipple resigned as president of the college on 20 November 1923, stating ill health as the necessitating cause, and shortly thereafter the new fascist government would stall and eventually stop the extensive building plans.〔"Dr. Tipple Quits College In Rome." (''New York Times'', 21 November 1923. )〕 During 1910 to 1924 Tipple embarked on numerous lecture trips throughout the United States, Great Britain, France, and Germany. He was a delegate to the world convention of the YMCA at Robert College in Constantinople in 1911 and a delegate to the Ecumenical Conference in Edinburgh, 1913. From 1912 to 1924 he was correspondent-at-large in Europe and North Africa for the Christian Science Monitor. During World War I, he maintained social service rooms in the Methodist building in Rome for British and American soldiers and sailors. He was received at the Italian Court in 1910. In July, 1915, he was conferred Knight of the Order of the Crown of Italy (Cavaliere dell' Ordine della Corona d'Italia) by King Victor Emanuel III and in 1920 he was made Commander of the Order of the Crown of Italy for making Americans aware of Italy's sacrifice during the Great war.〔(''Phi Kappa Phi Journal'' 1 (1915): 368. )〕 Tipple was also a Mason (33rd degree of Italy). In his later years he focused on traveling, lecturing and writing. He joined his daughter Silva Tipple New Lake on the American expedition to the ruins at Van Fortress, Turkey, in 1938-40.〔 He died on 19 October 1952. 抄文引用元・出典: フリー百科事典『 ウィキペディア（Wikipedia）』 ■ウィキペディアで「Bertrand M. Tipple」の詳細全文を読む スポンサード リンク
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